In the phrase "رقاب ملوك طرن و هي خواضع" (necks of kings are bowed and they are submissive), the word طرن (ṭarna) carries multiple meanings that contribute to the overall interpretation of the verse. These meanings can be summarized as follows:
To bend or bow: This is the most literal meaning of the word, and it refers to the physical act of lowering one's head in submission. In this context, it suggests that the kings are humbling themselves before a higher power or authority.
To be humbled or subdued: This meaning extends the physical act of bowing to a broader sense of being brought under control or made compliant. It implies that the kings' power and pride have been diminished, and they are now subject to the will of another.
To be turned or diverted: This meaning suggests a change of direction or purpose. It implies that the kings have been redirected away from their own ambitions or goals and are now following the path of obedience.
To be turned around or overturned: This meaning carries a sense of reversal or upheaval. It suggests that the kings' previous position of authority has been overturned, and they are now in a state of submission.
The combination of these meanings creates a powerful image of kings who have been stripped of their power and pride and are now fully subservient to a higher authority. This image serves to emphasize the message of humility and submission that the poet is conveying.
It is important to note that the word طرن (ṭarna) has a rich history and can carry additional connotations depending on the context. In this particular verse, the poet's choice of this word likely reflects his intention to convey a sense of profound humility and submission on the part of the kings.
